Thus, targeting transgelin-2 can also have a therapeutic advantage for cancer treatment selectively suppressing transgelin-2 expression may prevent multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. However, transgelin-2 acts as a double-edged sword, as its expression is also essential for a wide range of tumor development, including drug resistance and metastasis. Overall, transgelin-2 is an essential part of the molecular armament required for host defense against neoplasms and infectious diseases. Furthermore, transgelin-2 blocks Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin branching, which is presumably related to small filopodia formation, enhanced phagocytic function, and antigen presentation. This action may enable immune synapse stabilization during T-cell interaction with cognate antigen-presenting cells. Transgelin-2 acts as a molecular staple to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton, and it competes with cofilin to bind filamentous (F)-actin. In T and B lymphocytes, transgelin-2 is constitutively expressed, but in antigen-presenting cells, it is significantly upregulated upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Transgelin-2, a small actin-binding protein, is the only transgelin family member expressed in immune cells. 2Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.1School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.Hye-Ran Kim 1,2, Jeong-Su Park 1,2, Hatice Karabulut 1,2, Fatima Yasmin 1,2 and Chang-Duk Jun 1,2*

Sword of resistance 2